Environmental Consequences of Post-2003 Armed Conflict in Iraq: Between Law and Governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v12n2y2026.pp64-78Keywords:
Environment, Armed conflict, Law, Governance, InstabilityAbstract
This research explores the environmental consequences of armed conflict in Iraq following the 2003 invasion, examining the impact of military operations, governance failures, and legal accountability gaps. The study analyzes extensive damage to Iraq’s ecosystems, including air and water pollution, soil degradation, and the destruction of biodiversity, with case studies from Basra, Mosul, and the southern marshes. It highlights the role of political instability, institutional weakness, and corruption in hindering environmental protection efforts. The paper also reviews Iraq’s environmental legal framework—especially Law No. 27 (2009)—and its compliance with international humanitarian law and environmental conventions. Finally, it discusses legal pathways for holding actors accountable for environmental damage and calls for stronger international cooperation to support Iraq’s environmental recovery and sustainable future.
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