The parallel text in the novel (Casino for Children) by Karwan Omar Kakksur

(according to Gérard Genette's theory)

Abstract

Contemporary critical research has paid great attention to parallel texts, considering them a major gateway to the world of texts and to understanding, analyzing, and interpreting the main and original texts, especially in the novel. This is because parallel texts, whether related to the text itself or written outside the text, directly represent information from the main text, and transmitting or ignoring them means depriving the reader and recipient of the important information of the text.

      In this context, one of the researchers who was interested in the parallel text and established the term and theory (Gerard Genette) was able to formulate the principles and characteristics of the parallel text and work on them. In this research, we attempted to analyze the parallel texts in Kurdish novels based on (Gerard Genette's) principles, and highlight their role and position with the aim of identifying and analyzing the parallel texts within and outside the novel itself. Because by analyzing the parts of the parallel text of the novel, we understand the main text more deeply, and the impact of these parts on the novelist's message and intentions becomes more clear. Through the parallel text, the reader receives comprehensive information about the main text, which encourages him to continue reading it.