Turkey, from Negotiation to War
The Bets of Peace and Surrender
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v4n3y2018.pp1-7Keywords:
The Kurdish issue, Turkish state, Peace processAbstract
"While Mustafa Kemal Ataturk claimed on reconciliation within his country and with the world, we are now witnessing Turkish conflicts and tensions with all the countries of the region and the Turkish interior, with various factions and with the Kurds in particular. After 30 years of costly war between the state and the Kurdish movement, for the first time public negotiations began between the two. The famous speech of Ocalan was announced in Diyarbakir (March 2013). The movement has invested in this relatively peaceful environment and has begun to promote the Cultural Nationalism for the Kurds and other minorities on a large scale. But this atmosphere of peace and freedom did not last long. The state abruptly overthrew the peace process with representatives of the Kurdish movement by detaining thousands of its leaders. The guerrilla war began again, in many areas. The army has chased activists in houses and streets in cities such as Sur, Jazira, Naseebin and Sirnak. Some parts of the Kurdish areas have been destroyed, displacing about one million civilians. This research has tried to explain why the state has returned to its old policy of security and military approach, although in the past few years it has repeatedly claimed that it is possible to deal with the Kurdish question through peace and reconciliation. The research tries to study the complex relationship between these two poles."
References
- Akkaya, H. A. & Jongerden, J. (2012). Reassembling the Political: The PKK and the project of Radical Democracy. European Journal of Turkish Studies:14, http://ejts.revues.org/4615 (accessed on 31 January 2013).
- Castells, M. (2012). Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Cicek, C (2017), The Kurds of Turkey. London: I. B. Tauris
- Cudi, H. (2008). A History of Fire, the Secret of the Struggle of Apoist Movement: an interview with Cemil Bayik. Kurdistan: PCDK Publisher, Kurdistan
- Demirtaş, S. (2015). Weekly Speech in TBMM, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwKUBhyny8Y (accessed on 2 October 2017).
- DTK (2011), Draft Submission For A Democratic Autonomous Kurdistan, Democratic Society Congress (DTK). Diyarbakir: DTK Publisher.
- Eisinger, P. K. (1973). The Conditions of Protest Behaviour in American Cities. The Journal Of The American Political Science Review: 67(1), 11-28.
- Hutchinson, J. (1987). The Dynamics of Cultural Nationalism: The Gaelic Revival and the Creation of the Irish Nation State. London: Allen & Unwin.
- Köse, T. (2015). Identity Dynamics of the June and November 2015 Elections of Tukey: Kurds, Alevis and Conservative Nationalists. Insight Turkey: 17(4).105-123
- McDowall, D. (2010). The Kurds: A Nation Denied. London: Minority rights Group.
- McDowall, D. (1992). A Modern History of the Kurds. London: I. B. Tauris.’
- Olson, R. (1996). The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s: Its impact on Turkey and the Middle East. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
- Öcalan, A. (2013). Manifestation of Democratic Civilization: Kurdish Question and Democratic Nation Solution. Trans. into Kurdish by Luqman Abdullah. Iraq: Ranj Publisher.
- Öcalan, A. (2011a). Prison Writings II: the PKK and the Kurdish Question on the 21st Century. London: Transmedia Publishing.
- Öcalan, A. (2011b). Prison Writings III: The Road Map to Negotiation, Europe: Mesopotamia Publisher,
- Öcalan, A. (2009). Manifestation of Democratic Civilization: The issue of transition of Capitalist Modernity and The democratic process. Trans. into Persian by Aras Kardox. Europe: Azadi Publisher.
- Özcan, A. (2005). Turkey’s Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Öcalan. London: Routledge
- Tarrow, S. (1983). Struggling to Reform: Social Movements and Policy Change During Cycles of Protest. Journal of Western Societies Program Occasional Paper: 15.
- Saeed, S. (2017). Kurdish Politics in Turkey: From the PKK to the KCK. New York: Routledge.
- Watts, N. F. (2010). Atavists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey. Washington: The University of Washington Press.
- Yildiz, K. & Muller, M. (2008). The European Union and Turkish Accession: Human Rights and The Kurds. London: Pluto Press.
- Zald, M. N & Ash, R. (1966). Social Movement Organisations: Growth, Decay, and Change’. Journal of Social Forces, 44(3), 327-341.
- Zald, M.N. & McCarthy, J. D. (1987). Social Movement in an Organisational Society. New Brunswick: Transaction
المقابلات:
مع الرئیس المشترك السابق لحزب الدیموقراطی للمناطق، كاموران یوکسک فی بروکسل ؛ کانون الاول ٢٠١٦.
مع نائب کوردی فی مدینە جزیرە فی حزیران٢٠١٥
مع قیادی فی (منظومات مجتمعات كردستانیة) فی العراق فی ایار ٢٠١٦
