The Discursive Construction of Gender as Social Identity in Arabic written Discourse
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp168-175Keywords:
discursive construction processes, gender, identity change, in- and out-groups, interdiscursivity, social identityAbstract
Identity is the idiosyncratic features that characterize an individual as being unique. It is the dynamic per formativeness of self through behaviors, acts, clothes and etc.. When such self is shared (by sharing memories, desires, and emotions) with others, it becomes social identity. Such an identity is, thus, changed, transformed, spoke out, acknowledged and never be fixed at any moment of life. The current study aims at studying the discursive construction of social identity in Arabic written discourse. It seeks to ponder the question of what linguistic devices do the Arab writers utilize to identify themselves in discourse and to show sameness and differences between in – and out- groups. To attain the above aim, we hypothesize that Arab writers use scanted discursive and linguistic devices to identify gender in their writing. Accordingly, seven linguistic and discursive components have been chosen to analyze the discourse to unveil the identity of its writer: processes, mood, modality, vocabulary and collocation, pronouns, figurative uses of language, and interdiscursivity. The study comes with some conclusions, the most important of which are: social identity can be traced in Arabic discourse through the construction of in _ and out_ groups with the in- group being victimized by the out-group who is the dominant, a conclusion which clashes with studies of critical discourse analysis, and changes and transformation of identity occur through stages including: attention, interest, solutions and urging by giving commands.
References
Bausmeitr, R. (1998). The self . In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske and G. Lindzey (eds.) The handbook of social psychology. Pp. 680-740. London:SAGE.
Benwell, B. & Stockoe, E. (2006). Discourse and identity. Edinburgh: University Press.
Bucholtz, M. & Hall, K. (2005). Identity and interaction: A sociolinguistic cultural approach. Discourse Studies, vol. 7, pp: 585-614.
Bucholtz, M., Liang, A. & Sutton, L. (eds.) (1999). Reinventing identities: The gendered self in discourse. Oxford: University Press.
Cameron, D. & Kulick, D. (2003). Language and sexuality. Cambridge: University Press.
Coates, J. (1996) . Women talk. Oxford: Blackwell.
Coates, J. (1999). Changing femininities: The talk of teenage girls . in M. Bucholtz, A. Laing & Sutton, L. (eds.) Reinventing identities: The gendered self in discourse. Oxford: University Press.
Coates, j. (2003). Men talk. Oxford: University Press.
Coates, J. (2004). Women, men and language. London: Longman.
Coupland, N. & Nussbaum, J. (eds.) (1993). Discourse and lifespan identity. London: SAGE.
Francis, D. and Hester, S. (2004). An invitation to ethnomrthodology: Language, society and interaction. London: SAGE.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. London:Longman.
Fairclough, N. (2003) . Analyzing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
Frued, S. (1927). The Ego and the identity. London: Hogarth.
Hall, D. (2004). Subjectivity. London: Routledge.
Halliday, M. (1994). An introduction to functional grammar. London: Arnold.
Halliday & Matthiessen, C. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar. London: Routledge.
Hare-Mustin, R. & Maracek, J. (eds.) Making a difference: Psychology and the construction of gender. New Haven, CT: Yule University Press.
Kamalu, I. & Tamunbelema, I. (2013). Linguistic expression of Religious Identity and ideology in selected postcolonial nigerian literature. In Canadian Social Science, Vol.9, no, 4: pp: 78-84.
Kitzinger, C. (2000). Doing feminist conversation analysis. In Feminism and Psychology, vol. 10. Pp: 163-193.
Koller, V. (2009). Analyzing collective identity in discourse: Social actors and contexts . In Revue de Semio-linguistique des texts et discous. Vol. 27, pp: 1-16.
Lackoff G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony, (ed.) Metaphor and thought. Pp: 202-251.Cambridge: University Press.
Leeuwen, V. T. (1996). The representation of social actors . in C. Rosa,C. Coulthard and M. Coulthard, Texts and practices: Readings in critical discourse Analysis. London: Routledge. Pp: 32-70.
Leudar, I. Marsland, V. & Nekvapil, J. (2004). On membership categorization: 'Us', 'Them' and ' doing violence' in political discourse. In Discourse and Society, vol. 15, pp: 243-266.
Sacks, H. (1972). An initial investigation of the usability of conversational data for doing sociology. In D. Sudnow (ed.) Studies in social nteraction. New York: Free Press.
Sacks, H. (1992). Lectures on conversation . Oxford: Blackwell.
Schegloff, E. (1997) . Whose text? Whose context ? In Discourse and society, Vol. 8, no. 2, pp: 165 – 187.
Shahata, N. (2018). hawla Al-Aunuf dhidda Al-Nissa. PANET web site.
Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. (1986) . The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & Austine, W. (eds.) Psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson.
Tajfel, H. (1982). social identity and intergroup relations . Cambridge: University Press.
Taylor, C. (1989). Sources of the self. The making of modern identity. Cambridge: University Press.
Toolan, M. (1998). Language in literature. An introduction to stylistics. London: Arnold.
Van Dijk, T, (1997). Context models and text processing. In Stamenow, M. (ed.) Language structure, discourse and the access to consciousness. Amsterdam: Benjamin.
Van Dijk, T. (1998). Ideology: A multi-disciplinary approach . London: SAGE Publications.
Van Dijk, T. (2001). Critical discourse analysis . In D. Tannen, D. Schiffrin, and H. Hamilton (eds.) Handbook of discourse analysis. London: SAGE.
Van Dijk, T. & W. Kintsch, W.(1983). Strategies of discourse comprehension. New York: Academic Press.
Weinreich, P. (1986). The operationalisation of identity theory in rational and ethnic relations . In Rex, J. and Mason, D. (eds.) Theories of race and ethnic relations. Cambridge: University Press.
Weinreich, P. & Saunderson, W. (eds.) (2003). Analyzing identity: Cross – cultural, social and critical contexts . London: Routledge.
West, C. & Fenstermaker, S. (1993). Power, inequality and accomplishment of gender: An ethnomethodological view. In P. England (ed.) Theory on gender / Feminism on theory . New York: Aldive De Gruyter.
Wikipedia (2018). Identity (social science). File:///E: / identity %20 science% 20 Wikipedia.
Wodak, R. (1995). Critical linguistics and critical discourse analysis .InJ. Verschueren, J.O. Ostman & J. Bloomaert (eds.) Handbook of pragmatics. Pp: 204-210. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Wodak, R. (2002). Aspects of critical discourse analysis. Retrieved from https://www.Researchgate.net.
Wodak, R. (2012). Language, power and identity. London: SAGE.
Wodak, R., Cillia, R., Reisigl, M. & Liebhart, K. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Edinburg: University Press.
Woodward, K. (2002). Understanding identity . London: Arnold
