Journal of University of Human Development

The Basis of Social Cognitive Theory w pragmatics

2025-04-07T20:49:52+00:00

The current study attempts to discuss the concepts and basis of social cognitive approach. This approach is widely used while studying, comparing and contrasting the pragmatics of different cultures. This approach emphasizes that pragmatics has to include limiting the social and cultural aspects while studying a language. Moreover, communication, in this approach, is a dynamic action; which means that an individual is not only in contact with the social situations; rather he/she makes up the social situation. This approach not only considers purpose in communication and conversation, but also considers dynamic process in which purpose can affect the emergence of communication and conversation. Hence, it can be stated that an individual’s purpose can be pre-planned, or somehow unexpected/unplanned or be the result or emergent upon the situation which are three dimensions of the same phenomenon. These dimensions might be emphasized differently while the different points of communication process are tackled. This means that when a conversation starts, special nature and pre-planned purpose might be dominant.

Social Thought in Central Kurdish Haiku

2025-03-21T13:07:22+00:00

Haiku is a well-known form of Japanese poetry, consisting of seventeen syllables, and is deeply rooted in Japanese language and culture. However, today, haiku is recognized worldwide and is one of the most popular forms of poetry. Poets outside Japan have adapted this style to suit their own languages and cultures, often deviating from traditional Japanese conventions.

The presence of haiku in Kurdish literature is relatively new, with only a few years of history. Despite this, it has carved out a unique place within Kurdish literary traditions. Kurdish poets have adapted the form to reflect Kurdish life, language, and culture, producing high texts that portray the region’s nature and social values. Like other non-Japanese Poets, Kurdish poets do not strictly follow the classical Japanese rules. However, they have managed to preserve the essential elements of haiku, such as its three-line structure, momentary, brevity, use of “cutting,” and element of surprise.

Kurdish haiku has its own distinct characteristics in terms of both structure and mentality. Social themes play a significant role, with many haikus reflecting aspects of Kurdish society. By examining the works of Central Kurdish haiku poets, we can see a range of social topics explored, including poverty, women, motherhood, societal influences, and critiques of social issues.

The role of applying block chain technology in reducing the expectation gap in the audit environment - an analytical study of the opinions of a sample of academics and auditors in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq

2025-03-25T21:02:44+00:00

The research aims to demonstrate the role of applying block chain technology in reducing the expectations gap in the audit environment. To achieve the goal of this research, the researchers relied on primary sources, namely the design of the questionnaire, which was designed based on some previous studies and the theoretical aspect of the research. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part includes paragraphs aimed at knowing the characteristics of the research sample, and the second part includes (26) paragraphs that were applied to collect data with the aim of testing hypotheses and answering questions related to the research problem. The research sample members amounted to (70) individuals, including (20) auditors, (15) legal accountants in audit offices and companies, and (35) university professors. After analyzing the data using the statistical program (SPSS) and testing the research hypotheses, a set of important results were reached, the most prominent of which are: The application of block chain technology has a positive and significant correlation and impact in reducing the expectations gap in the audit environment. The value of the correlation coefficient was (.587**), and the calculated value of the impact relationship (F) was (15). (26,797), meaning that the application of block chain technology leads to reducing the expectation gap in the audit environment. In light of the research results, the researchers recommend a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: It is the duty of auditing companies and offices to develop and improve auditing process programs and methods in line with the latest information technology techniques.

Social and cultural factors of conspicuous consumption in Kurdish society

2025-03-19T19:02:53+00:00

In recent years, the use of conspicuous consumption has emerged as a pervasive phenomenon across numerous societies. This development reflects a broader transformation in patterns of personal expenditure, wherein individuals increasingly allocate a portion of their income to non-essential goods and services, particularly those related to physical appearance. Such conspicuous consumption is frequently motivated not by necessity, but by the desire to attract public attention and to project a specific social image, particularly to members of affluent or influential social groups.

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the underlying motivations driving the increasing use of conspicuous consumption, with particular emphasis on the substantial financial resources devoted to non-essential consumer goods. This research aims to identify the social and cultural determinants that have facilitated the proliferation of conspicuous consumption use within Kurdish society.

To achieve these objectives, the study employs a quantitative research design utilizing a social survey methodology. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, which served as the principal research instrument. The sample comprises residents of Sulaimaniyah city, drawn from three distinct neighborhoods: Garden City, Derwaza City, and Kurd City. An equal number of participants (100) were selected from each neighborhood through stratified random sampling, ensuring representation across various socioeconomic strata, from high-income to low-income groups. The findings indicate that social factors constitute the predominant influence on conspicuous consumption use among the respondents. Economic and health-related considerations were identified as secondary factors. These results underscore the significance of social norms, peer influence, and cultural expectations in shaping consumer behavior related to physical appearance in the Kurdistan region.

Beyond the Walls of “Fardeqan”: The Dialectic of Document and Imagination in Yossef Ziedans Narrative of ibn Sina.

2025-04-27T14:18:21+00:00

The Historical Novel and Imagination

The historical novel is considered one of the most important literary genres, combining historical facts with literary imagination. From this perspective, we can illustrate the links between history and imagination, whereby a novelist writing a historical novel can highlight significant historical events, figures, or facts while adding dimensions of creativity and imagination. The literary novelist is not required to divest themselves of literary mechanisms and creative imagination to fill historical gaps and to add an engaging literary character to their work.

From this, we deduce that the historical novel serves two purposes:

First: Reviving historical events or figures by retelling them creatively, making it easier for the reader to understand the ideological and social contexts surrounding those political events.

Second: Adding human dimensions, or rather vitality, to historical figures, allowing the recipient to interact, empathize, and understand these characters, comprehending the motives and emotions that guided their actions and opinions.

Imagination allows the writer to transform dry facts into a vibrant, engaging, and enjoyable narrative. For example, the novel under discussion was able to create dialogues between the central character and secondary characters—some historical and real, others invented—to reveal and delve into the philosophical views of (Ibn Sina), as well as to uncover the inner turmoil and conflicts he might have suffered or faced.

This use of imagination does not limit the opportunity to present history but enriches the reading experience, making it more comprehensive and widespread.

In summary, the historical novel offers the recipient the chance to delve into historical events and derive concepts from the experiences of characters who lived through specific events and circumstances. Imagination is considered an effective tool in achieving this purpose.

It is worth noting that the historical novel is not merely a retelling of past events, but a bridge connecting ancient times with the present, allowing the reader to reflect on how time changes and affects societies. Imagination also enhances the novel's ability to capture the reader's attention and stimulate critical thinking, contributing to a deeper understanding of different cultures and traditions.

Furthermore, the historical novel can be an effective means of highlighting social and political issues that remain relevant today. It enables us to see contemporary reflections of historical events, helping to foster collective awareness of the need to learn from the past to build a better future.

Thus, the historical novel remains a unique art form that combines truth and imagination, offering the reader a rich and enjoyable experience that blends education and entertainment, making it one of the most attractive and influential literary forms in the world of literature.

Monitoring the Spatio-Temporal Dimensions of Green Spaces in Kalar City

2025-03-21T10:16:42+00:00

The study, entitled "Monitoring the Spatio-Temporal Dimensions of Green Spaces in Kalar City", aimed to assess the amount of Kalar’s urban green spaces by comparing the proportion of each period in the research and then presenting the changes that have occurred to green spaces in the city. To achieve accurate and scientific results, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to measure the green spaces with the NDVI index, which considers chlorophyll color. Any area dedicated to greenery but without plants was not considered. One of the study's most notable findings is that the amount of green spaces in the city has significantly increased over time, indicating a positive impact on the development of specific land uses.