Journal of University of Human Development

The Culture of Conspicuous Consumption of Food Among University Students

Suren Abubaker Abdullah — 2025-04-13

The Conspicuous consumption of food is primarily the expense of expensive products to indicate a free income and gain a social status in return. The main question of this study, which includes the problem of the study, is there a culture of conspicuous consumption of food among university students or is there a relationship between the student’s social status and conspicuous consumption of food? The aim is to figure out whether food affects shaping social status or not.

This research is conducted in quantitative method, and for this reason the descriptive method (social survey) is used, to identify the facts related to the culture of conspicuous consumption of food, and it relies on probability (Stratified Random) samples at the stage level, also in the distribution of forms، it relies on an (Systematic Random) sample to take the necessary part of the research community. Due to the large number of students at Sulaymaniyah University and the ability to represent the sample, for this reason, the example of this study is a student of sociology at the University of Sulaymaniyah.

The most important results of this study showed that the sample of the study primarily focuses on the quality and taste of food when going to a dinner, while leaving most of the sample in the food staying in place while going to restaurants/cafes, indicating that the food requested alone finds itself in a show of appearance and therefore wastes a lot of food for the show. also, one of the results of this study is that food invitations have somehow strengthened their positions, which is the subject matter and is a major driving factor in the creation of a culture of conspicuous consumption of food.

Sultan Abdülhamid II's policy towards the Jews1876-1908

Amanj Hassan Ahmed — 2025-04-13

Judaism is regarded as one of the genuine ancient religions that existed within the territories of the Ottoman Empire over various ages. In addition to their influence on the economic sect in the different places and regions inside the empire, at the same time, they left a dual (positive and negative) footprint on the political, economic, and border administrative stabilities in the empire. Due to that significant impact, led Sultan Abdulhamid II and his predecessors to deal with the Jewish population with great sensitivity, They are generally treated according to Islamic law and within the framework of the "Milli system" and their rights have been protected to a large extent, But after their hidden desires and plans in the context of changing the nature of the demography of Palestine and creating a political entity for the Jews، Sultan Abdul Hamid II tried with all his might to thwart the Jewish and Zionist plans and was able to prevent the wave of Jewish immigration to Palestine to a great extent. Methodology For this research, the historical methodology and analytical methods were employed and presented on a historiographical basis. The result of the Research The Ottoman Empire was a safe ground for the Jews, which was the primary reason for the continuous migration of Jews from other lands to Ottoman areas. Despite that, we reached the fact that Sultan Abdulhamid II during his reign (1876-1908). Dealt with the Jews in two distinct ways, on one hand he treated them fairly as a divine religion follower, but on the other hand, his attuite was different towards their nationalism and extremist movements and he did everything in his power to stand firm.