Journal of University of Human Development

The Impact of Geographical Capabilities on the Distribution of Spatial Variation of Planted Area Types of Agricultural Crops in Sayed Sadiq District

Hemn Raouf Mahmood Hussein — 2026-07-12

Sayed Sadiq District is one of the districts of Sulaymaniyah Governorate, located in the southeast of the governorate, with an area of (710.8 km²). In this area, a large area of land is planted with agricultural crops. Our main objective is to reveal the geographical distribution and quantity and types of agricultural crops in the area, with the aim of understanding the impact of natural and human capabilities on the changes in the area and types of cultivated land production, and to advance and develop agricultural activity in the area. The results of the study, according to the data of the year (2023), have clarified that the cultivated agricultural land area in the study area accounts for (39.7%) of the total area of the district. The widest cultivated agricultural area is occupied by winter grain crops at a rate of (74.4%), followed by vegetables (summer and winter) at a rate of (11.9%), followed by horticulture at a rate of (11.3%), as well as root crops and legumes, each constituting (1.4%) and (1%) respectively. At the end of the study, as a recommendation, it is requested that the relevant authorities assist in marketing farmers' products and give more importance to the development of important and special crops of the area.

Local suitability for rainwater harvesting in several residential projects in Sulaimani using AHP method

Ata Muhammed Alaadin — 2026-07-13

This study is dedicated to rainwater harvesting (RWH) in residential area in Sulaimani Municipality and five residential area were taken as samples and worked on as samples of the study considering the distance between them (east - west - center - north - south). data are also taken and analyzed for 22 years.

In this research, for rainwater harvesting uses scientific methods are discussed in detail with the complementation of each program (GIS 10.8) and (Google Earth Pro) satellites, satellite images and Auto CAD programs Despite coordination with engineers during the writing of the study and identifying the most important factors affecting the rainwater harvesting process in the study area my using AHP method, according to ranking, in general most residential area including as samples of the study did not use rainwater harvesting, Therefore, it is recommended that the government, the Investment Board and the relevant parties take this aspect into account during the construction of another residential area by using context analysis method and practical method to writing this research .

Poetry and the Wounded Self: A Stylistic Analysis of Hassan Al-Marwani's Poem "I and Laila" at its Linguistic and Semantic Levels

Wrya Naji Abdulla — 2026-07-14

This study seeks to analyze the poem "Ana wa Laila" (I and Laila) by the Iraqi poet Hassan Al-Marwani from a stylistic perspective that emphasizes linguistic structure and emotional significance. This approach attempts to uncover the organic relationship between poetic expression and the experience of the wounded self, which forms the core of the poem. The research relies on a multi-level approach, encompassing grammatical structure, phonetics, poetic imagery, and linguistic shifts, as tools that contribute to constructing meaning and generating emotion. The study also seeks to highlight the impact of style in deepening the poetic experience and to clarify how personal pain is transformed into an aesthetic poetic discourse that manifests the expressive potential of language, intertwining the private and the general. The study adopts a stylistic approach, both linguistic and semantic, drawing on contemporary theoretical concepts in the analysis of poetic texts. It concludes that the linguistic structure in a poem is not merely a means of communication, but rather an integrated expressive entity that reflects the depth of experience and the brokenness of the self. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how the harmony between the various stylistic elements enhances the impact of the poem on the recipient, transforming the text into a comprehensive poetic experience that arouses empathy and emotion. The results also confirm that the poetic style in "Me and Laila" is not merely a means of expression, but rather the essence that weaves the text and gives it a profound human dimension.

The Role of the International Monetary Fund in the Development of Developing Islamic Countries with a Focus on the Iraqi Case

Ibrahim Mahdi Arif — 2026-07-15

This study analyzes the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), as a global economic organization, in the Iraqi economy (2005–2025) by examining growth, inflation, public debt, and transparency, assessing the experience from an Islamic economics perspective. Using an analytical and comparative approach with official data and literature, the study finds that IMF interventions partially controlled inflation and provided short-term stability, but had limited impact on long-term growth and sustainable development. Public debt and reliance on oil highlight Iraq’s economic fragility, and governance and transparency saw little improvement. From an Islamic perspective, interest-based IMF loans foster dependency and conflict with Sharia objectives. The study concludes that IMF experiences in developing Islamic countries, including Iraq, have largely failed to promote sustainable development, suggesting the need for Islamic financing and greater economic integration.

Rewriting Heroism: Ethics of Care, Magical Literacy, and Intersectional Resistance in Nix’s Lirael and Clare’s City of Bones

Aso Mohammed Agha — 2026-07-16

Within present-day debates on feminist Re-conceptualizations of heroism in young adult fantasy, Nix’s Lirael and Clare’s City of Bones foreground care, relationality, and narrative praxis as resistance. Focusing on the intersections of magical technique and ethical orientation, the study reveals the ways in which practices of magical literacy and care transform inherited heroic paradigms and thus reconstruct feminine modes of heroism. Lirael and Clary Fray resist socially constructed, and institutionally sanctioned, forms of resistance in favor of emotional endurance, self-authorship, and united means of action that problematize masculinist tropes of conquest. Their magical techniques—archiving and rune-writing—are sorts of feminist revisions of subjectivity and social order, sharing affinities with Cixous's écriture féminine and Spivak's perspective of strategic resistance. From an intersectional feminist perspective (Gilligan and Crenshaw), they emerge as initiatory figures that shift the concept of heroism into care, relational ethics, and narrative repair, thus disturbing heroic absolutism. The argument further suggests the inadequate considerations of racialized and disabled identities in the texts, hinting that Okorafor and McLemore could serve as useful comparisons. Finally, Lirael and Clary impart a fledgling grammar of heroism that emphasizes emotional sovereignty; healing magic, memory, and story enforce interdependence over domination.

Effect of spatial distribution on summer agricultural crop production in Halabja province

Arkan Ali Hassan — 2026-07-18

Summer crops are an important part of agricultural production in areas with irrigated agricultural land, because these crops require irrigation in the summer season and in the Kurdistan Region The study area relies on groundwater and surface water due to the lack of rainfall in this season The mountains are considered to be one of the areas where a large area of arable land is cultivated with summer agriculture, and the summer crops are distributed differently among the districts of the province and the location of the districts in terms of capacity Natural and human factors affect the differences in the distribution of crops in terms of area and quantity of production and even determine the type of crop, the aim of this study is to know and demonstrate the distribution and area The distribution is based on the analysis of data obtained from the General Directorate of Agriculture of the province On the planted area, the amount of production of each summer crop in 2023 according to each district of the province.

The Effect of the Creative Harvest on Cognitive Representation among Kindergarten Children in Sulaymaniyah Governorate

Kharman Othman Ahmed — 2026-07-19

6. The present study sought to investigate the effect of the Creative Harvest strategy on cognitive representation among kindergarten children in Sulaymaniyah, compared with conventional teaching methods. To achieve this aim, an experimental design was employed, consistent with the study’s objectives and scope, and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the analysis. The study population consisted of all kindergarten children aged (5–6) years in Sulaymaniyah city. A sample of (30) children, both boys and girls, was randomly selected and divided into two equal groups: an experimental group, instructed through the Creative Harvest strategy, and a control group, taught by traditional methods. The primary research instrument was a Cognitive Representation Scale comprising 18 multiple-choice items. The validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed prior to administration. The intervention was implemented over eight weeks at the beginning of the academic year (2024–2025(, using material from the first two units of the kindergarten curriculum: “Me and My Friends” and “Water and Food.” Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results demonstrated that the Creative Harvest strategy significantly enhanced cognitive representation among kindergarten children. Moreover, a statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level was observed between the pre- and post-test mean scores of the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental group

A Cognitive study of body - related idioms in Kurdish language

Shaho Salh Hama hussein — 2026-07-20

This research is entitled (A Cognitive study of body - related idioms in Kurdish language), within the framework of cognitive linguistics, the theory that this research relies on is (Cognitive Semantics), within this theory used the theory of mental spaces (Mental spaces). The linguistic approach of perception is the approach of analytical perception, and the theory of sense space is one of the theories of perceptual semantics. cognitive linguistics, as a new school, pays attention to sensory processes and perceived abilities in the context of speech analysis The fields of language are strongly related to perceived concepts and abilities. Physical surfaces such as head, hands, mouth, tongue, heart, eyes are clearly reflected in their design Physical bodies have played a role in its design and then analyze and interpret them according to both types of sensory space, namely (basic space and constructive space). He identifies idioms according to their meanings.

Cognitive Metapragmatic Awareness in Kurdish Language

Avesta Kamal Mahmood — 2026-07-21

This Research, entitled "Cognitive Metapragmatic Awareness in the Kurdish
Language" aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive
metapragmatic awareness (the ability to use language pragmatically in an
appropriate manner) and the Kurdish language, exploring how Kurdish
culture and language serve as a strong foundation that influences pragmatic
styles of speaking and understanding .
The study adopts a multidimensional analysis. First, it discusses cognitive
metapragmatic awareness. Then, through the analysis of authentic
examples from the Kurdish language, it demonstrates the reality that Kurdish
language users employ their language with metapragmatic awareness to
comprehend and analyze the intentions and meanings that exist. This is
achieved through analyzing the relationship between cognitive
metapragmatic awareness and (Kurdish culture, shared knowledge and
common ground, phonemes and words of the Kurdish language, sentences
and sentence structure). This shows how consciously Kurdish speakers use
their language according to conversation participants and social contexts. It
also reveals how Kurdish culture and language influence the development
and advancement of metapragmatic awareness, and in turn, demonstrates
the role and importance of awareness in the appropriate use of language .

The Poetic Melody of Raji

Saad Farouq Yousif — 2026-07-22

Raji has manifested a beautiful poetic melody in his poems, particularly in terms of the external melody of his poetry. His poems are diverse in meter and rhyme, bestowing a satisfying melody upon them. Furthermore, the internal melody of Raji's poetry has granted a beautiful and harmonious quality to his work. This research consists of an introduction, external melody, and internal melody. The external melody discusses meter and rhyme. He predominantly followed the meters of classical Arabic prosody (aruz) in his poems, especially the hazaj, ramal, rajaz, muzari', basit, sari', and mutaqarib meters. He also employed syllabic meters, particularly syllabic meters of 8, 10, and 14 syllables. Additionally, he used unified rhyme and varied rhyme schemes, especially masnavi and tashtir rhyme patterns, as well as repeated, quatrain, and quintain rhymes in his poems. Regarding internal melody, he employed repetition, particularly the repetition of sounds and words.

Geographical Analysis of the Distribution of Public Parks in Sulaimani City (2024)

Sheni Jalal Hama — 2026-07-23

This study, titled (The Geographical Distribution of Public Parks in the City of Sulaimani), is an attempt to demonstrate how public parks are distributed in the city of Sulaimani. Despite the continuous increase in the city's population and the growing need for a calm atmosphere and more green spaces, the construction of parks in the city's neighborhoods has not been adequate. Public parks are a major factor in purifying the air and the environment of the area, in addition to providing well-being for the residents. To achieve the objectives of our study, we have relied on descriptive, analytical, and field methods, as well as government data.

The study reached several conclusions. The Sarchinar neighborhood has the highest number of parks, with 46 parks. However, the neighborhoods of Hakary, Qalyasan, Hawary Shar, Saywan, Awbara and Ashe Spe, Nergiz, Shorish, Qrga, Srusht, and Pishasazi each have only one park.

The area of parks varies from one neighborhood to another. The largest park area in the study region is in the Sarchinar neighborhood, with an area of 111,804 m², which constitutes 10.47% of the total area of parks. The smallest area is in the Qrga neighborhood, with an area of 361 m², making up 0.03% of the total park area.

The density of the distribution of park areas also varies. The parks with the highest density fall into the area class of (14292-28222) m², which includes 10 parks with a total area of 227863 m², representing 21.3% of the total park area. The parks with the lowest density are in the area class of (83947-97877) m², which includes only one park with an area of 92,600 m², accounting for 8.6% of the total park area.

To make the city of Sulaimani greener, the number of parks should be increased to create a beautiful landscape and a clean environment. Parks should be established in neighborhoods that do not have any, in order to achieve a balanced distribution of parks in the area

The Impact of Climate Characteristics on the Disease infection in Kfri District

Ahmed Aziz Abdulla — 2026-07-26

This study explains the relationship and effect of climatic breed characteristics on the infection of poultry (broiler chickens) with diseases in Kafri district The main question of the research is whether the climate types in Kafri district have an impact and role in the infection of broiler diseases according to the seasons?To answer this question and reach a correct conclusion, the study relies on the use of infection data and recording cases for three years (2022-2024), and climate data for Kafri district (2013-2024). With the use of geographical methods of praise and quantitative analysis and programs (GIS10.5) (SPSS13). The study concluded that climate species have different degrees of influence on poultry diseases, with viral diseases being the most common From the transitional seasons, due to the constant sudden changes in the weather that cause them stress, weaken their immune system and make them susceptible to viral diseases. Statistical evaluation showed that temperature (mean temperature deviation) has the greatest impact on the appearance of viral diseases, reaching (88%). Coccidia is most common in winter due to high humidity and suitable temperature for this disease. Statistical evaluation showed that relative humidity is more effective than other species There is a grade on inflammatory bowel disease and reaches (99%).Bacterial diseases such as respiratory diseases have the highest incidence in both spring and autumn, because these two seasons are generally warmer than both winter and summer The air is changing rapidly, in addition to the temperature difference between day and night, which falls above and below the required temperature. Statistical evaluation showed that gender characteristics of temperature (temperature difference between day and night) is primarily responsible for the incidence of this disease compared to other genders, so that the rate The effectiveness reaches (90%).

Analysis of Geomorphological Slope Characteristics in the Sagrma Mountain Range

Goran Samad MohammedNaqi — 2026-07-27

Slope is a fundamental characteristic in geomorphology, significantly influencing a range of geomorphological factors and processes.[1] This study aims to conduct a quantitative analysis of the primary slope characteristics within the Sagrma mountain range. The study area is a rugged mountain range featuring diverse geomorphological forms, covering an area of 339.7 km² with a length of 52.7 km. It constitutes the topographical boundary between the mountainous and semi-mountainous zones, extending from Darbandi Basara to the village of Barkal. The region's topography varies in elevation from 900 to 1872 meters. The slope gradient, measured according to Young's scale, ranges from 0 to over 45.1 degrees. This topographical variance results in distinct differences in slope properties—including slope degree, aspect (direction), form (shape), and hillshade (solar illumination). Key findings from the analysis indicate that the northern slopes of the range generally possess a lower slope degree compared to the steeper southern slopes. Furthermore, a significant seasonal variation in shaded areas was identified; the area experiencing extensive shading measures 19.6 km² during the summer, increasing to 59.7 km² in the winter.

The consequences of ethical standards on the dissemination of fake news in the media

Aram Faris Mohammed — 2026-07-28

This study, entitled (The Consequences of Ethical Standards on the Dissemination of False News in the Media), aims to determine the consequences that ethical standards can have on media information, as well as presenting the type of news; Step 3: The research group is teachers of Sulaimani education, and the sample of the research is (274) teachers of both eastern and western education of Sulaimani.

This study has several objectives: to identify the consequences that ethical standards can have on media information, to present this type of news; They are more likely to spread false news, and show the level of uncertainty of the researchers about the media information, as well as knowing the level of reaction of the research sample to reduce their uncertainty about the information. The study reached several conclusions, including: Ignoring ethical standards and violating them re-emphasizes that fake news has become a phenomenon in the media and the media can lose the trust of the audience Researchers are often unsure of the information and news published in the media. Whenever they are exposed to false news, they try to change the media channel and look for other sources to verify the truthfulness of the information News.

The role of media awareness campaign in combating drug trafficking in the Kurdistan Region

Chia Yassen Muhammed Ameen — 2026-08-02

This research entitled (The role of media awareness campaign in combating drug trafficking in the Kurdistan Region ), in order to achieve the objectives of the research, which is to know the level and The extent of the media awareness campaigns about the harmful effects of drugs in the Media and Information Office, the General Directorate of Drugs and the Kurdistan Child Protection Organization for Combating Drugs, Also, presenting the most obvious content of the media awareness campaigns about drug addiction in the Media and Information Office, General Directorate of Drugs and Kurdistan Child Protection Organization, as well as knowing the level of media attention Media awareness campaigns, regarding drug awareness.

The media is considered to be the influential factor of the times, in presenting social problems, obstacles and phenomena because they have a role in raising awareness and informing sections of society, so the positive and negative impact is correct This has become a strong reason for the media to work to spread awareness and conduct awareness campaigns on the stealthy and strange phenomena in Kurdish society, drug involvement, as a disastrous phenomenon for society, The study aims to achieve its objectives by revealing the role of the media in spreading drug awareness and reduction campaigns in order to find solutions to prevent the spread.

The origin of Linguistic Ideology in cognitive phonological

Edris Hamamurad Majeed — 2026-08-04

Language in general, both in its formation and usage, is dependent on a variety of beliefs. Therefore, the structure of language and its usage are closely related to the type of cognition that depends directly on its tools and patterns. This belief is applied in the form of a theoretical idea in the cosmology of perception known as linguistic ideology. The purpose of the discussion is to explain an important aspect of the Kurdish language, which both initiates the linguistic ideology that underpins its linguistic structures and analyzes the linguistic ideology that determines how the Kurdish language is used by different speakers and social groups. Aside from the introduction and conclusion. It consists of two main parts: the first part consists of (The origin of linguistic ideology in cognitive phonological). The second part contains in (Different Linguistic Ideologies in Cognitive Phonology, It consists of ideologies (racism, feminism, Sociolinguistics, religion and linguistic ideology). with a conclusion and summary of the discussion in Arabic and Kurdish language.

The Role of the Amygdala in Decoding Visual Metaphors in Advertising, a Theoretical Research.

Mohammed Majeed Saeed — 2026-08-06

In the contemporary era of the Attention Economy, commercial advertising strategically employs cognitive and emotional mechanisms to influence and shape consumer perception. Within this context, visual metaphors emerge as one of the most powerful and creative tools, capable of transforming abstract brand concepts into compelling and memorable imagery.

Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, this study investigates the intricate relationship between cognitive neuroscience, consumer psychology, and visual rhetoric, with particular emphasis on the pivotal role of the amygdala in decoding and evaluating visual metaphors.

As the central structure responsible for organizing emotion and memory, the amygdala plays a critical role in shaping the brain’s responses to emotionally and cognitively charged visual stimuli. The findings of this research highlight how visual metaphors foster a process of pleasurable cognitive engagement, which, in turn, activates the brain’s reward and emotional circuits—most notably those involving the amygdala.

The parallel text in the novel (Casino for Children) by Karwan Omar Kakksur

Abdulla Rahman Awlla — 2026-08-09

Contemporary critical research has paid great attention to parallel texts, considering them a major gateway to the world of texts and to understanding, analyzing, and interpreting the main and original texts, especially in the novel. This is because parallel texts, whether related to the text itself or written outside the text, directly represent information from the main text, and transmitting or ignoring them means depriving the reader and recipient of the important information of the text.

In this context, one of the researchers who was interested in the parallel text and established the term and theory (Gerard Genette) was able to formulate the principles and characteristics of the parallel text and work on them. In this research, we attempted to analyze the parallel texts in Kurdish novels based on (Gerard Genette's) principles, and highlight their role and position with the aim of identifying and analyzing the parallel texts within and outside the novel itself. Because by analyzing the parts of the parallel text of the novel, we understand the main text more deeply, and the impact of these parts on the novelist's message and intentions becomes more clear. Through the parallel text, the reader receives comprehensive information about the main text, which encourages him to continue reading it.

The Impact of the Bologna Process on Motivating University Level EFL Learners: Students' Perspectives

Gashbin Sidiq Abdalla — 2026-08-10

This study investigates the impact of Bologna Process on motivating university level EFL learners from the perspectives of students in three public universities in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Mixed method approach used to collect data from 273 EFL third year students through the use of structured questionnaire and semi structured interview at the universities of Sulaimani Koya and Raparin. According to the quantitative data , the Bologna Process had a moderately positive effect on motivation (M = 3.197, SD = 0.482), clear course structure, credits, and technology use (such as smartboards, M = 3.443) all increased students' motivation .However, difficulties like language anxiety (M = 2.986), lack of practice time, instructors' inconsistent use of BP techniques, and focus on grades were noted as obstacles to motivation. Qualitative results demonstrated that a heavy workload and exam-focused practices decreased motivation, interactive activities, varied assessments, and student-centered approaches increased engagement. In conclusion the Bologna Process offers a framework for enhancing transparency, and student-centered learning, its capacity to motivate is mostly dependent on successful pedagogical implementation and institutional supports. The results provide guidance for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers who seek to maximize the motivational advantages of the BP in EFL higher education settings.

Distribution of Animal meat in Nippur during the Third Dynasty of Ur (2112-2004 BC)

ِAdil Hama ameen Sharif — 2026-08-11

In this study, three cuneiform texts of the third dynasty of Ur, which are preserved in the Sulaimani Museum, are recorded in Nippur. Through reading and publishing these texts, we will become familiar with the food distribution system and part of human life and state administration in Neppur to see how the management of resources and the amount of food considered good for an individual is distributed.

Narrative Analysis of "Mankind's Virtue" which is based on the example of Christopher Vogler

Awat Hassan Wali — 2026-08-12

This research is entitled (Narrative Analysis of " Mankind's Virtue" which is based on the example of Christopher Vogler). The work aims to apply one of the most apparent theory of narratology. Hence, the researcher analyzed one of the Gnostic Epic stories in Kurdish literature. The devout Sofi Qadr Hamawandi, who was one of the celebrated Sofis of the Qadiriyya, has transcript the mentioned above through body language. Besides, in a way referred to as behavioural form, he narrated it within the framework of the story, built a high narrative text in the form of mystical stories, which is different from the heroic stories. The story of love has an exciting spiritual and educational foundation. Besides the story through personifying the spiritual, heart, self, consciousness and demon and through placing the senses like anger, gluttony, generosity and fitness, has shaped a great narrative text.

This research is divided into three parts: The first part addresses the theoretical aspects, concepts, and terms (narrative and narratology), as well as the history of the emergence and development of the science, including its scope and limitations. In the second part, we employ Christopher Vogler's narrative method to analyse the stages of the author's journey in the story according to the fundamental principles of the theory. In the third section, we identify the seven archetypes from Vogler's theory within the story and examine their roles. Finally, the results and a list of sources are provided.

The role of interrogative words in Sherko Bekas's poetry

Luqman Raouf Ali — 2026-08-13

This research is about the questions that are asked through the words questions, or question signs in the poetic text, with all its structures, meanings, images, etc. as an integral part of poetry, because the questions that arise in the poetic text are many They have views and answers, in the sense that sometimes they need yes or no, or more than one yes, or they open up poetically without a specific answer, or they need interpretation,...etc such as answers and purposes.

In this research, we try to determine the poetry of these words and question marks and their effects on their structure and importance. In other words, we investigate the poetry of the various tools of questioning used in the poet's poetic texts , since they are an integral part of the texts and have become a static basis and convey the main message of the text, in addition to deviating from the meaning and rules of language.

This research consists of two parts. The first part discusses the concept, definition and history of questions, then discusses poetic questions, the role and characteristics of signs and words,

and the second part discusses words and signs and how to use them.

Role of Cinematography Techniques and Technology in Cinema Films

Lawan Fadhil Hussein — 2026-08-16

This research is an attempt to examine the impact of the advancement of photographic tools and innovations on the art and science of filmmaking. From the early experiments with the camera obscura to today’s sophisticated digital technologies, these tools have consistently been a part of capturing, telling and experiencing stories on screen. This study delves into the historical development of cinematography, starting with the beginnings of motion capture devices and the advent of motion picture technology, to 20th century developments such as crane photography and Steadicam systems, and to the modern era and the use of CGI. Through the analysis of Mad Max: Fury Road - George Miller (2015), this research highlights how the use of light, camera movement, and color grading enhance storytelling and create visually cinematic experiences. This research also emphasizes the importance of imaging techniques and technologies in shaping the language of cinema, as these tools continue to advance cinematic storytelling.