Journal of University of Human Development

Taboo breaking in the poems of Sheikh Reza Talabani

Shaida Basim Abdulla — 2025-01-12

This research is entitled (Taboo Breaking in the Poems of Sheikh Reza Talabani). The reason for choosing this topic is that many of this poet's poems fall within the boundaries of breaking taboos, however, this topic has not been discussed in a scientific study, so we want to Let us present this issue in detail in this study.

Taboo is part of language, but that part of language is forbidden to be expressed. In every society, there are some things that are forbidden to be mentioned, at certain times and places, directly and explicitly, or any expression related to them Most of the reasons for banning terms and expressions are legal There are social and cultural because they do not fit with the traditions and culture of the society.

The research method is descriptive and analytical. The research material is the poems of Sheikh Reza. According to this method, we have tried to analyze some of the poems of this poet in order to determine the type of taboo.

The importance of this research is that it connects the two aspects of Kurdish language and literature.

The most important results of this research are that this poet did not adhere to Kurdish traditions and culture in many of his poems He has openly broken the taboos of the Kurdish language and used them.

The Project of Complementizer in Kurdish-Sulaymaniyah Dialect

Sazan Dhahir Saeed — 2025-01-13

The paper, titled “The Project of Complementizer in Kurdish-Sulaymaniyah Dialect,” aims to demonstrate the syntactic role of the complementizer as a functional head in generating the project and to build a post-sentence structure within the framework of Chomsky's generative and transformational grammar, based on the information stored in internal lexical items. The importance of this research lies in generating the structural aspects of the project based on verbs (both basic and derived) with reference to the lexical prepositions /pe_, te_, le_/, which carry different syntactic and semantic information. This results in structural differences, on one hand, and, on the other hand, in differences in the syntactic function of the post-sentence project structure within complex sentences.

Evaluating Abstracts of MA Theses and PhD Dissertations in Applied Linguistics in Kurdistan Region Universities

Dara Kareem Mahmood — 2025-01-15

This paper evaluates the quality of abstracts in MA theses and PhD dissertations in Applied Linguistics from universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) between 2007 and 2021. The research employs a rubric or criteria-based evaluation approach, informed by Hyland’s (2000) five-move model, adapted to include criteria for ‘irrelevant information’ and ‘word count’. A comprehensive sample of all the abstracts from the collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

The findings indicate that while most abstracts effectively introduce the research topic and state objectives, they often struggle with the clear presentation of results and maintaining overall coherence. Besides, significant relationships were found between various components of abstract quality, suggesting that improvements in one area (e.g., clarity in ‘introduction’) could positively impact others (e.g., presenting ‘results’).

Moreover, this study highlights the need for enhanced training and guidelines in abstract writing, particularly for Applied Linguistics research, to improve clarity, coherence, and academic rigor of future theses and dissertations. The findings have important implications for improving the quality and accessibility of academic research in the KRI region and its universities.

The role of International Auditing Standard (520) in reducing the expectations gap in the audit process

Barzan Hassan Ahmad — 2025-01-19

The research aims to highlight the role of International Auditing Standard (520) in reducing the expectations gap in auditing. To achieve the research objective, the researcher relied on primary sources, namely the design of the questionnaire, which was designed based on previous studies and the theoretical aspect of the research. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part includes paragraphs aimed at knowing the characteristics of the research sample, and the second part includes (22) paragraphs that were used to collect data in order to test hypotheses and answer questions related to the research problem. The research sample members reached (50) individuals, including (22) auditors, (10) legal accountants in auditing offices and companies, and (18) university professors. After analyzing the data using the statistical program (SPSS) and testing the research hypotheses, a set of results was reached, the most important of which are: The use of analytical procedures according to International Auditing Standard (520) has a positive and significant correlation and impact in reducing the expectations gap in the auditing process. The value of the correlation coefficient was (.661**) and the calculated value of the effect (F) was as follows: (37.240) Meaning that applying International Auditing Standard (520) leads to reducing the expectations gap in the auditing process. In light of the research results, the researcher recommends a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: the necessity of emphasizing the activation and highlighting of the role of analytical procedures according to International Auditing Standard (520) in the auditing process by auditing offices and companies, in addition to the fact that it helps in reducing the expectations gap.

The importance of the classroom environment in the development of creative thinking among kindergarten children in Sulaimani

Shalaw Abdalla Ibraim — 2025-01-20

The aim of this study is to determine the importance of the classroom environment in the development of creative thinking among kindergarten children in Sulaimani, considering variables such as gender, type of kindergarten, and teacher qualifications. An educational scale on the development of creative thinking, consisting of 25 items, was distributed to the sample after confirming the scale's reliability. The study sample included 220 teachers, comprising 22 male and 198 female teachers. The analysis extracted appropriateness and percentage weights to assess the scale's strengths and weaknesses.

Finally, the researcher reached the following conclusions

The level of classroom environment in the development of creative thinking among kindergarten teachers is generally low.
There is no statistical difference among kindergarten teachers according to gender (male and female).

3- There is a statistical difference among kindergarten teachers according to the variable of kindergarten (government-non-government) which is in favor of non-government kindergartens.

4- There is a statistical difference among kindergarten teachers according to the variable of degree (Diploma - Bachelor - Master).

The role of educational counselors in raising awareness among high school students in Sulaimani about the dangers of drugs

Hezha Abdulla Hamad — 2025-01-22

The aim of the research is to show and know the role of social researchers in raising awareness among high school students in Sulaimani about drugs, for the academic year (2023-2024). Consisting of (472) students including (212) male students, (260) female students, were selected in a simple random manner, the researcher used descriptive method according to the nature of the research, while using previous research and other sources Prepared for the drug scale, which consisted of (28) items, to ensure the truth and appropriateness of the tool, the researcher implemented it on a number of experts and experts in teaching methods, education and psychology The expert accuracy rate for the drug scale was 92%.

Then it was implemented on the basic sample of the research and the researcher began to analyze the students' answers using SPSS for social sciences and present the results of the research with several conclusions,suggestions and recommendations, the most important conclusions were:

1- The level of role of social researchers in drug awareness among high school students in Sulaimani schools is generally low.

2- There is no statistical difference among high school students according to gender (male and female) for drug criteria.

3- There is a statistical difference among high school students according to the variable of the branch of education (science-literature) for the criteria of drugs, which is in the interest of the branch of scientific education.

There is no statistical difference among high school students according to the variable of education for drug criteria.

The period of the Anatolian states 1150-550 BC

Dilman Mohammed sabir — 2025-01-26

At the onset of the Iron Age, central and western ancient Anatolia underwent a significant transformation, particularly following the decline and fall of the Hittite Empire around 1200 BC. This led to the collapse of central authority and subsequent rapid changes. The imperial era came to an end as various Indo-European, Greek, and other groups migrated into the region, resulting in widespread devastation. Each emerging power brought its own distinct national identity and civilization, marking a new phase for the area. Historical events indicate that during this time, numerous local leaders and states arose alongside foreign influences due to migrations and attacks. This research, shed light on the situation and changes in the central and western Anatolia during this period

Academic procrastination and its relationship to neurotic perfectionism among university students

Nazanin Othman Muhammed — 2025-01-28

This study explores the relationship between academic procrastination and neurotic perfectionism on a sample consisting of (200) male and female students from the University of Sulaymaniyah, as well as identifying the differences in the level of both academic procrastination and neurotic perfectionism among the research sample according to the variables: (social gender, academic stage, academic specialization, And the place of residence. The descriptive correlational approach was used, and the academic procrastination measure of Abu Ghazal (2012) was applied. The researcher prepared a measure for neurotic perfectionism consisting of (22) items and applied it to the sample after extracting the validity, and reliability. The results showed the following: - There was a low level of academic procrastination and a high level of neurotic perfectionist tendencies among the research sample. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences on the academic procrastination scale due to the variables (gender, academic major, place of residence), but there were statistically significant differences on the academic procrastination scale due to the variables (the academic stage in favor of the third stage), and significant differences were found. Statistics on the neurotic perfectionism scale are due to the variables (gender in favor of students, academic stage in favor of the third stage, specialization in favor of scientific specialization, and place of residence in favor of students living with their families). Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between academic procrastination and neurotic perfectionism among students at Sulaymaniyah University. In light of these results, the researcher presented some recommendations and proposals.

Social media addiction and its relationship with self-regulation among students at University of Sulaimani

Sarkawt Jamal Mohammed — 2025-01-30

This study aims to investigate the level of social media addiction and its relationship with self-regulation among students at the College of Basic Education, University of Sulaimani, for the academic year 2023-2024. The research population includes all 2,281 students enrolled in various departments of the college. A sample of 554 students, comprising 118 males and 436 females, was selected randomly. The researcher employed a descriptive-correlational methodology and developed two questionnaires to measure the variables: a 20-item Social Media Addiction Scale and a 22-item Self-Regulation Scale. Both tools were validated by experts in education and psychology, with reliability coefficients of 90% for the social media addiction scale (stability value: 0.86) and 95% for the self-regulation scale (stability value: 0.81).

The researcher utilized the descriptive-correlational method, supported by prior studies and relevant literature. To ensure the accuracy of the instruments, expert opinions in the fields of education, teaching, and psychology were solicited. The reliability of the scales was assessed using the test-retest method. The study's instruments demonstrated high reliability, with the social media addiction scale achieving a reliability rate of 90% and a stability value of 0.86, while the self-regulation scale exhibited a reliability rate of 95% and a stability value of 0.81.

Data were collected from the selected sample and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

The key findings of the study are as follows:

The level of social media addiction among the study sample was found to be low.
There were statistically significant differences in social media addiction based on gender and educational level.
The self-regulation levels among the study sample were high.
Statistically significant variations in self-regulation were observed according to gender and educational level.
An inverse relationship was identified between social media addiction and self-regulation; higher levels of social media addiction were associated with lower levels of self-regulation, and vice versa.

The king Titles of the Sargonid dynasty

Jaza Shorsh Hamasharif — 2025-02-02

The Neo-Assyrian Empire was one of the most powerful empires in ancient history, emerging in northern Mesopotamia and later expanding to include regions such as Babylon, Elam, Urartu, the Levant, and Egypt. The empire is historically divided into two distinct periods: the First Empire (911–745 BC) and the Second Empire (745–612 BC). During the Second Empire, a series of influential kings governed the realm, particularly following the rise of Sargon II. This study focuses on the rulers of the Sargonian dynasty—Sargon, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and Ashurbanipal—each of whom represents a significant chapter in the empire’s history. Their reigns exemplify the power and scope of the Neo-Assyrian Empire at its height. Key words Assyrians, Second Empire, Names of Kings, Sargonid Dynasty, Sargon.

This research entitled (The king Titles of the Sargonid dynasty) consists of introductory entry, two discussions, conclusions and a list of sources. In the introductory entry we discuss the names of the Assyrians, the geographical location of the Assyrian state and Assyrian origins,In the first chapter we will briefly discuss the formation of the New Assyrian State and the Second Assyrian Empire (745-611 BC) and the Sargon dynasty with King Sargon II and his son Sennacherib and their titles, finally we will discuss Esarhaddon and Ashur Banipal and their titles.

Theatrical Deception: M. Butterfly and Hwang's Postmodern Stagecraft

Shokhan Rasool Ahmed — 2025-02-04

M. Butterfly provides a vigorous and multi-dimensional understanding of the relation between factual identity and staged performance, together with the experience of postmodernism behind the conventional constructs of gender, culture, and reality. The subject matter of the play revolves around a French diplomat who falls in love with a Chinese opera singer only to find that she was an impersonator. This study explores how Hwang uses theatrical deception as one of the main techniques to disrupt realist assumptions about the self, especially in the light of postmodern theories that deny realism and essentialism. Song Liling herself embodies a postmodern subject that is at once cruel and vulnerable, postcolonial and postethnic, sexual and asexual, male and female—or genderless; René Gallimard, the protagonist of the play, is as trapped in a cultural dream as Liling is trapped in a theatrical one. In analysing M. Butterfly, this study draws on postmodern theories, specifically Jean Baudrillard’s concept of hyperreality and Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, to illuminate the insights the play offers. M. Butterfly reflects certain Postmodernist principles, such as the blurring of the line between appearance and reality, performativity, and stereotypes. By looking into Gallimard’s eagerness to subordinate himself to an illusion instead of embracing the truth, it is possible to identify the element of irony that Hwang employs in the play regarding the human tendency to perpetuate convenient fictions even with the information that refutes those fictions. In M. Butterfly, the postmodern doubt of whether identity is real comes to the foreground and suggests that the self or culture can be revised and remodeled as the case may be, similar to actors going through their roles in a play.

Defining the Undefinable: A Comparative Study of the Concept of Love in Shakespeare and Mahwi’s Selected Poetry

Hakar Taha Khalid — 2025-02-16

Love is experienced as a powerful and pervasive emotion that can affect many aspects of human life through influencing people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions. The literature that revolves around this complex human emotion is extensive. Some praise it highly while others blame their melancholy and miseries on it. However, when it comes to defining the term, there are many arguments each approaching it from a different angle. This paper presents several scholarly definitions of love before looking at how William Shakespeare and Mahwi define it through their sonnets and ghazals respectively. Several examples from Shakespeare and Mahwi’s poetry have been selected for study and comparison. The paper finds that both poets attribute positive and negative characteristics to love believing that it has the power to create in people feelings of completeness as well as destitute and isolation. To both poets, love has transformative powers shaping people’s social, personal and spiritual connections. However, in Mahwi’s ghazals, most of the connections formed in love have a spiritual dimension to them and God is presented in the center of them as the beloved, while the relationships found in Shakespeare’s sonnets rarely incorporate this otherworldly aspect and instead revolve around love developed among two human beings.