Journal of University of Human Development

Social situation of Said Sadiq (1955-1988)

Marewan Ibrahim Ahmed — 2026-04-12

Because of its geographical location, Said Sadiq has become the settlement of several tribes such as (Shatri, Sheikh Shamaili, Changni, Smail Ozeri, etc.). After Said Sadiq became a district in 1955, everyone worked to develop the city and opened mosques, schools and hospitals in a short time. Over time, the number of schools and mosques increased and government offices served the residents of the area. Everyone helped each other and did their business in a cooperative manner, but they were harassed by the Iraqi government and the Ba'ath Party. In 1988, the city was completely destroyed and all the villages were moved to forced communities.

The aim of this research is to show the social aspects of Said Sadiq city during the years (1955-1988) and analyze the data through scientific methods.

The Process of the Evacuation of Villages in Southern Hawraman, Kurdistan (1978–1988)

Hiwa Aziz Saeed — 2026-04-14

In the aftermath of the collapse of the September Revolution (1975) and the subsequent resurgence of revolutionary activity in Southern Kurdistan, the Iraqi government embarked on a systematic program of forced displacement, resulting in the destruction of numerous villages in border regions. Consequently, the residents of Hawraman villages were subjected to displacement policies and destruction in several phases from the late 1970s until the conclusion of the Iran-Iraq War. The inhabitants of the Hawraman region provided refuge for those opposing the Iraqi army and constituted a revolutionary force in their own right. They also served as a source of livelihood and provisions for the Peshmerga. The regime's belief was that the destruction of the villages would lead to the termination of the Peshmerga's revolutionary struggle. The process gave rise to a range of consequences, including political, economic, social and other implications, with some even attempting to eradicate the region entirely. The historical remnants of Hawraman villages demonstrate that ways of life prior to 12 September 1978 were displayed differently than they are today. In order to comprehend the policy of displacement, its methods and impacts, efforts have been made to reframe the research in an academic context using descriptive-analytical methodology and oral history. The displacement of rural communities, precipitated by the implementation of policies aimed at uprooting and inverting the form of rural life, engendered significant challenges concerning accommodation and well-being within the context of forced camps. This has resulted in the gradual weakening and subsequent extinction of the region's superior Hawrami culture, generation after generation.

OBPI-based investment portfolio insurance strategies in the digital environment

Falah Hassan Ahmed — 2026-04-19

The study aims to test the Option-Based Portfolio Insurance (OBPI) strategy to solve the main problem of knowing the effectiveness of the strategy in different markets, in the digital environment, and over a different period of time. The study community was represented in two fields: the first included companies listed on the Dubai Financial Market, numbering (65) companies from (9) sectors, and the second represented cryptocurrencies listed on the (coingecko) platform. The study sample included (8) companies listed on the Dubai Financial Market that had been listed in an optimal investment portfolio built according to the simple gradual method within the framework of the doctoral thesis from which this study was derived. As for cryptocurrencies, the sample included (4) cryptocurrencies that were selected according to the market value criterion and the state of continuity of trading during the study period, which covered the time period extending during the year 2024, from 1-1-2024 to 31-12-2024. To test the study's objectives, the Black and Scholes model was used to price covered put options, which have been adopted as a tool for insuring investment portfolios. The study reached several conclusions, including that the options-based portfolio insurance strategy is effective in reducing losses and achieving its objectives in highly volatile cryptocurrency markets, while the results showed the opposite when applied to the more stable stock market. In light of the study's results, several recommendations were put forward, most notably the need for investors and investment fund managers to exercise caution when adopting covered put options contracts to insure equity investment portfolios. The study also recommends adopting the OBPI strategy in the cryptocurrency market.

Marketing deception and its impact on the consumer's purchase decision through the Instagram application

Abdulwahid Taha Shukri — 2026-04-21

This paper investigates the effect of marketing deception on the consumer behavior. Specifically, it investigates deceptive practices related to the product, price, place and promotion on the consumer purchase process. Since Instagarm has become one of an important social media platform that is widely used in marketing in Kurdistan Region , this study explores consumer perception of deceptive practices on that social networking site. The data was collected through an online questionnaire that was posted on several groups on Instagram in that university. The researchers were able to collect 385 complete questionnaires. The findings indicated the marketing deceptive practices has a negative impact on consumer buying purchasing process. This article contributes to the academic knowledge by highlighting the damaging effects of marketing deception on consumer behavior. Moreover, it contributes to practice by providing some guidelines to companies to follow when using Instagram in marketing in Kurdistan . By getting away from marketing deceptive practices, companies will be able to yield the best outcomes from marketing on Instagram. The study is limited by the sample size and the sample nature which consisted of Zakho University students. Future research can focus on different social networking sites and different age groups.

The Level of Use of New Technology Tools by Journalists in Kurdistan Region

Karzan Tariq Mahmood — 2026-04-23

This study is titled “The Level of Use of New Technology Tools by Journalists in Kurdistan Region” The main problem addressed is the lack of clarity regarding the influence of new technologies on the development of media practices among journalists. The primary objective of the study is to identify how new technologies have impacted the advancement of media work among journalists in the Kurdistan Region. A descriptive research method was employed, using a survey questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The study population consisted of journalists in the Kurdistan Region, and the sample was selected randomly based on specific criteria. The study found that journalists widely use new technologies to enhance their media work. This is evident in how technological tools have improved the quality and efficiency of media production. However, journalists also face challenges associated with technology use, such as downtime, technical issues, and equipment malfunctions. Despite these drawbacks, the findings suggest that the positive impacts of technology outweigh the negative ones. Notably, most journalists believe that new communication technologies have significantly changed how media messages are produced and delivered—especially with the use of live broadcasting tools. Finally, the researcher recommends that media institution leaders provide journalists with access to the latest technological tools available globally to further improve the quality of journalism in the region.

Critical Thinking Standards, Skills, Importance And Challenges

Rebin Mustafa Shekh — 2026-04-26

Critical thinking is one of the concept that has a great impact on human science field generally and sociological education particularly, also hear the concept of critical thinking from different media and educational programs about the current situation of society, we are familiar with critical thinking concepts as a solution to the problems. nowadays critical thinking is an important need in modern world and interested in by scientifical and academicals foundation. and also a crucial reason to improve most different fields in modern society. it can solve most community issues. If a critical thinking includes some logical, knowledge skills and strategic to solve issues, or critical thinking means evaluate consciously and researched to thought and information to judge on worth and value. this research wants to focus on the nature of critical thinking, demonstrate the characteristics, skills, importance and challenging in front of critical thinking.

Environmental Consequences of Post-2003 Armed Conflict in Iraq: Between Law and Governance

Paxshan Abdulrahman Mawlud — 2026-04-28

This research explores the environmental consequences of armed conflict in Iraq following the 2003 invasion, examining the impact of military operations, governance failures, and legal accountability gaps. The study analyzes extensive damage to Iraq’s ecosystems, including air and water pollution, soil degradation, and the destruction of biodiversity, with case studies from Basra, Mosul, and the southern marshes. It highlights the role of political instability, institutional weakness, and corruption in hindering environmental protection efforts. The paper also reviews Iraq’s environmental legal framework—especially Law No. 27 (2009)—and its compliance with international humanitarian law and environmental conventions. Finally, it discusses legal pathways for holding actors accountable for environmental damage and calls for stronger international cooperation to support Iraq’s environmental recovery and sustainable future.

The Role of Media Literacy in Confronting Media Misinformation

Kawa Ezzaddin Abdulrahman — 2026-04-30

The aim of this study is to try to understand the role of media education in combating that misinformation published in the media from the perspective of students of Sulaimani University, as well as show it’s the role of media education in developing skills (perception, thinking, analysis, and production) among students at the University of Sulaimani. To achieve these objectives, the researchers applied the media education criteria to a sample of students in the Department of Media and Kindergarten of Sulaimani University through the "comprehensive inventory" method, which were (161) male and female students. After analyzing the results using SPSS, the researchers concluded that media literacy plays a very good role in countering media misinformation among the study sample. Statistically significant differences were also found in respondents' opinions regarding the importance of media education in countering media misinformation, according to demographic variables (gender, age, place of residence). In addition, media literacy has been found to play a significant role in developing skills (perception, thinking, analysis, and production).

Management strategy and economic development of institutions in the Kurdistan Region

Karwan Abdullah Mohammed — 2026-05-03

The issue of media management in general and management strategies in media institutions in particular, within the framework of management science and media has entered the field of research in media management, especially with the advancement of communication tools and development of media institutions They are a management influence for the economic development of their institution.

This research is in the framework of working on the importance of management strategy in the economic development of the media institutions in the Kurdistan Region and presenting the strategies that are followed in the Kurdish media institutions in order to develop their economy.

For this purpose, the researcher relied on descriptive method in the research and used survey method and worked on five media institutions in the Kurdistan Region and for each institution that owns television, radio, digital media and print (10) managers from senior and middle managers. The research aims to present the strategies that have worked in the management of media institutions in the Kurdistan Region and finally reached several objectives that include (media institutions in the Kurdistan Region have not been able to follow the management strategies of media institutions followed in the management of their institution, which accounts for 44% of the management strategies of the media institution).