Journal of University of Human Development

Motivation and English Language Learning: Students’ Perspectives

Nian Saeed Abdullah — 2024-09-10

This study investigates university students’ motivation for learning English language in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The region is a foreign language learning context because English language learners almost entirely learn the language inside the classroom and without regular exposure to the English language outside. Besides English language centers, English Department in private universities is one of the most wanted departments in the region. However, we do not know students’ motivation for their choice. Therefore, a questionnaire was administered to 106 students from English department in a private university with the intention to obtain knowledge about their motivation for learning the English language and more specifically whether it is integrative and/or instrumental motivation. The study found that the level of students’ integrative motivation was different from instrumental motivation. This finding can be used by educators and university lecturers to embed motivation constructs in their teaching practices to keep the students motivated throughout their college years and have the desired outcome in the end.

A Flying Anarchist: Reading Bakhtyar Ali's My Uncle Jamshid Khan: Whom the Wind was Always Taking

Tafan Kamal Karim — 2024-09-11

In this paper, we will read Bakhtyar Ali’s My Uncle Jamshid Khan: Whom the Wind was Always Taking (2009) to investigate the plot and the characters depicted in the fiction, particularly, Jamshid Khan. Our analysis follows the close reading of the implications of the expressions and the concepts within the text. Drawing from the theoretical discussion, we will argue that Ali’s novel doesn’t merely depict the real incidents related to Kurds, but also, presents philosophical issues. The book seems to take readers to higher levels as Jamshid Khan is blown away by the wind. The focal point of our study is examining the metaphysical relation between the male persona and the wind. Eventually, the analysis will highlight the notions of anarchism, imagined communities, and cultural hegemony, which are integrated within the text. Hence, this article shows another side of the narrative which is read more as a fictive work rather than historical events.

A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Some Selected Domestic Violence Image Cartoons

Aseel Muhammad Faiq — 2024-09-12

Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship usually committed in a domestic setting by one partner against the other. The current study investigates this type of violence as exhibited in cartoon discourse. The study tries to approach image cartoons of the domestic violence type to examine how meaning is made within different modes and which mode is the most dominant. Moreover, it attempts to check who is the most powerful member in the family, who is exercising violence, and on whom. Martin and Rose's (2007) model has been implemented to be used as a tool to examine both the visual and verbal components in each cartoon. The researcher randomly selected six cartoons from several domestic violence types to constitute the sample of the current study. It is found that different kinds of violence, mainly of the social and physical types, have been exercised by the male figure (the patriarch, i.e., the father, or the husband) in the family. Moreover, domestic violence cartoons make their meaning and express their messages through the visual mode more than the verbal one. This, in turn, may be ascribed to the fact that visual modes can provide their own affordances through which they can be interpreted globally.

The requirements of accounting education in light of the application of artificial intelligence techniques from the perspective of faculty members in Iraqi universities

Naz Hiwa Ghani — 2024-09-29

The study seeks to identify the requirements of accounting education in light of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was designed as a tool for data collection and was distributed to a sample of faculty members in Iraqi universities and universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq who specialize in the accounting field. The study reached several results, the most important of which are that the application of artificial intelligence techniques in the environment of accounting education affects the reality of accounting education and works to develop it and improve its quality, as its application works to provide educational experiences that suit the capabilities of students and work to guide them to achieve a qualitative leap in the field of education in general and accounting in particular. The objective application of artificial intelligence techniques in the field of accounting education helps to overcome the difficulties, obstacles and negative effects that surround this type of education and this can be done by providing an appropriate learning environment that overcomes these obstacles and effects. In addition, it increases the ability of the human element to achieve the goals of transferring knowledge and science to the field of application and serving the requirements of the labor market. The study recommended a set of recommendations, including the need to prepare the educational staff and work to raise their skills to ensure the ability to deal with technological developments and introduce them in the fields of accounting education to ensure the possibility of applying artificial intelligence in accounting education, as well as starting the most important step towards introducing artificial intelligence techniques in the field of accounting education by modernizing the curriculum, accounting teaching methods and other requirements that suit this important transformation.

Indicators of BRICS competitiveness in the global economy

Muhsin Ibrahim Ahmad — 2024-09-30

The BRICS group plays an important role in the international arena, as it is distinguished from other international blocs, in that it was formed from a union of countries from four distant continents, which also represent four diverse civilizations, and it also includes two permanent members of the UN Security Council on the one hand, in addition to the varying economic growth rates of the group's countries.

The BRICS group aims to support the establishment of a multipolar international system, reform the United Nations and its Security Council, in addition to reforming international financial institutions.

The research aims to verify its hypothesis based on the fact that the BRICS group can compete with existing economic blocs and groups in the world, due to its competitive capabilities and potential, and to succeed in reforming international institutions so that they express everyone's aspirations and care for their interests and eliminate unipolarity in international politics. The research came out with a result that the BRICS group outperformed the G7 in (5) indicators out of (12) indicators used in analyzing the competitiveness of the BRICS group in the global economy.

Geographical analysis of groundwater type distribution in Khabat district, using geographical information system (GIS)

Jwanro Azad Azeez — 2024-10-27

Khabat district is our study are , which is located in the west of Erbil province and covers an area of 660.2 km2.Most of the population in this district depends on groundwater for most of their daily needs; therefore, our main goal is to determine the quality of groundwater in this area, especially in terms of chemical and physical analysis, determining the appropriate groundwater level, and identifying good and bad areas for drinking water usage. In this study, we have analyzed the quality of the groundwater for more than 48 water wells in the area through the use of the GIS program and (Interpolating IDW) , (Overlay), and(AHP)model. The value of each chemical and physical element of the water wells in the district has been studied by comparing the analyzed water in different wells using the drinking water standards.

Consequently, it has been found that the groundwater in most study areas of Khabat district is suitable for drinking. Finally ,we have been able to determine a typical map of groundwater analysis of the area. It is noteworthy that most of the area of the study district produces great drinking water, which accounts for 50.35% of the area .However, the least productive area produces bad drinking water, which accounts for only 4.2% of this type of groundwater. The rest is considered to be medium in terms of quality, which reaches (45.45%).

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The Fate of Jerusalem in the Wars and Agreements of the Ayyubid Kings (583-642 AH / 1187-1244 AD)

Yaseen Taha Muhammed — 2024-10-29

This study aims to present the historical transformations that occurred in the identity of Jerusalem under the Ayyubid state, from the restoration of the "Holy City" to Islamic rule during the reign of Sultan Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi (583 AH / 1187 AD), to its re-handing over to the Crusaders by his successors, the Ayyubid kings, in two deals; the first by King Al-Kamil Ayyubi, Salah al-Din's nephew and son-in-law (626 AH / 1229 AD), and the second by three Ayyubid kings who ruled parts of the Levant (642 AH / 1244 AD).

The historical data of the study show the great importance that Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi placed on the restoration of Jerusalem, which was a major goal for the Islamic world, and the significant power and reputation this restoration brought to the founder of the Ayyubid state. However, during the reign of his successors, Saladin's important achievement turned into a bargaining chip in agreements with the Crusaders amid internal Ayyubid conflicts and attempts to control each other. This exposed them to much criticism and anger as they could not protect this great achievement. Instead, they engaged in internal conflict and division in the struggle for power. This research is based on the historical analytical method and focuses on how the Ayyubid kings dealt with the sensitive issue of Jerusalem, "the holy city," in the post-Saladin era.