The Effectiveness of Geographic Information Systems in Sustainable Urban Planning in Iraq: An Analytical Study of Experts’ Opinions

Abstract

This descriptive analytical study assesses the effectiveness of geographic information systems (GIS) in supporting sustainable urban planning in Iraq. The study aims to gather and analyze the opinions of specialists and experts in urban planning, environmental management, and GIS across various cities in Iraq. A sample of 100 experts from Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Mosul, and Najaf was selected based on their experience and competence in projects utilizing GIS. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions and a Likert scale, focusing on four main dimensions: Experts’ knowledge and use of GIS, the effectiveness of GIS in urban planning, its role in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), and the challenges faced in implementing these systems in Iraq. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical analysis software. The results showed that most experts had a good level of knowledge of GIS and considered it an effective tool in improving the accuracy of urban planning and facilitating decision-making. However, some challenges were identified, such as the lack of updated data and the technical capacity to use complex software. The study also indicated that GIS significantly contributes to achieving SDGs, especially in the areas of environmental sustainability and monitoring urban expansion. However, there is a need to improve institutional support and provide updated data and financial resources to implement GIS more effectively. Regarding statistical analysis, the results of the analysis of variance test showed significant differences in the effectiveness of GIS based on experience level, with more advanced experts showing greater effectiveness in using the system. The t-test revealed a significant difference between those who received formal GIS training and those who did not, with the trained group demonstrating higher knowledge levels. Finally, the correlation analysis results indicated a positive relationship between GIS knowledge and its effectiveness in urban planning. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of GIS in enhancing sustainable urban planning in Iraq, highlighting the challenges faced in its implementation in this context.