The Luminosity Function of Galaxies in Some Nearby Clusters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v5n2y2021.pp1-10Keywords:
Galaxies, Clusters, Luminosity function, Galaxy formation, Galaxy evolutionAbstract
In the present work, the galaxy luminosity function (LF) has been studied for a sample of seven clusters in the redshift range (0.0 ≲ z ≲ 0.1), within Abell radius (1.5 h−1 Mpc), in the five SDSS passbands ugriz. In each case, the absolute magnitude distribution is found and then fitted with a Schechter function. The fitting is done, using the χ2 – minimization method to find the best values of Schechter parameters Ф* (normalization constant), M* (characteristic absolute magnitude), and α (faint-end slope). No remarkable changes are found in the values of M* and α, for any cluster, in any passband. Furthermore, the LF does not seem to vary with such cluster parameters as richness, velocity dispersion, and Bautz–Morgan morphology. Finally, it is found that M* becomes brighter toward redder bands, whereas almost no variation is seen in the value of α with passband, being around (−1.00).
References
[1] P. Schechter. “An analytic expression for the luminosity functions for galaxies. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 203, pp. 297-306, 1976.
[2] E. Hubble. “The luminosity function of nebulae. I. The luminosity function of resolved nebulae as indicated by their bright stars”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 84, p. 158, 1936.
[3] E. Hubble. “The luminosity function of nebulae. II. The luminosity function as indicated by residuals in velocity-magnitude relations”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 84, p. 270, 1936.
[4] F. Zwicky. “On the large scale distribution of matter in the universe”. Physical Review, vol. 61, pp. 489-503, 1942.
[5] A. Oemler. “The systematic properties of clusters of galaxies. I. Photometry of 15 clusters”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 194, pp. 1-20, 1974.
[6] M. Colless. “The dynamics of rich clusters-II. Luminosity functions”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 237, pp. 799-826, 1989.
[7] E. J. Gaidos. “The galaxy luminosity function from observations of twenty Abell clusters”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 113, pp. 117-129, 1997.
[8] R. De Propis, M. Colless, S. P. Driver, W. Couch, J. A. Peacock, I. K. Baldry, C. M. Baugh, J. Bland-Hawthorn, T. Bridges, R. Cannon, S. Cole, C. Collins, N. Cross, G. B. Dalton, G. Efstathiou, R. S. Ellis, C. S. Frenk, K. Glazebrook, E. Hawkins, C. Jackson, O. Lahav, I. Lewis, S. Lumsden, S. Maddox, D. S. Madgwick, P. Norberg, W. Percival, B. Peterson, W. Sutherland and K. Taylor. “The 2dF galaxy redshift survey: The luminosity function of cluster galaxies”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 342, pp. 725, 2003.
[9] A. Dressler. “A comprehensive study of 12 very rich clusters of galaxies. I. Photometric technique and analysis of the luminosity function”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 223, pp. 765-787, 1978.
[10] O. Lόpez-Cruz, H. K. C. Yee, J. P. Brown, C. Jones and W. Forman. “Are luminous CD halos formed by the disruption of dwarf galaxies”? ApJ, vol. 475, p. L97, 1997.
[11] P. Popesso, A. Biviano, H. Böhringer and M. Romaniello. “RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. IV. A ubiquitous dwarf galaxy population in clusters”. Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 445, pp. 29- 42, 2006.
[12] R. De Propris, P. R. Eisenhardt, S. A. Stanford and M. Dickinson. “The infrared luminosity function of galaxies in the Coma cluster”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 503, p. L45, 1998.
[13] L. Cortese, G. Gavazzi, A. Boselli, J. Iglesias-Paramo, J. Donas and B. Milliard. “The UV luminosity function of nearby clusters of galaxies”. Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 410, p. L25, 2003.
[14] L. Bai, G. H. Rieke, M. J. Rieke, J. L. Hinz, D. M. Kelly and M. Blaylock. “Infrared luminosity function of the Coma cluster”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 639, pp. 827, 2006.
[15] C. A. Valotto, M. A. Nicotra, H. Muriel and D. G. Lambas. “The luminosity function of galaxies in clusters”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 479, p. 90, 1997.
[16] M. Yagi, N. Kashikawa, M. Sekiguchi, M. Doi, N. Yasuda, K. Shimasaku and S. Okamura. Luminosity functions of 10 nearby clusters of galaxies. II. Analysis of the luminosity function”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 123, p. 87, 2002.
[17] S. M. Hansen, T. A. McKay, R. H. Wechsler, J. Annis, E. S. Sheldon and A. Kimball. “Measurement of galaxy cluster sizes, radial profiles, and luminosity functions from SDSS photometric data”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 633, p. 122, 2005.
[18] B. Binggeli, A. Sandage and G. A. Tammann. “The luminosity function of galaxies”. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 26, pp. 509-560, 1988.
[19] A. Dressler. “Galaxy morphology in rich clusters: Implications for the formation and evolution of galaxies”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 236, pp. 351-356, 1980.
[20] G. O. Abell, H. G. Corwin and R. P. Olowin. “A catalog of rich clusters of galaxies”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 70, p. 1, 1989.
[21] C. P. Ahn, R. Alexandroff, C. A. Prieto, S. F. Anderson, T. Anderton, B. H. Andrews, É. Aubourg, S. Bailey, E. Balbinot, and R. Barnes. “The ninth data release of the sloan digital sky survey: First spectroscopic data from the SDSS-III baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 203, p. 21, 2012.
[22] I. Agulli, J. A. L. Aguerri, R. Sánchez-Janssen, C. Dalla Vecchia, A. Diaferio, R. Barrena, L. Dominguez Palmero and H. Yu. “Deep spectroscopy of nearby galaxy clusters I. Spectroscopic luminosity function of Abell 85”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 458, p. 1590-1603, 2016.
[23] J. Sohn, M. J. Geller, H. J. Zahid, D. G. Fabricant and A. Diaferio. “The velocity dispersion function of very massive galaxy clusters: Abell 2029 and Coma”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 229, p. 20, 2017.
[24] E. F. Schlafly and D. P. Finkbeiner. “Measuring reddening with Sloan Digital Sky Survey stellar spectra and recalibrating SFD”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 737, p. 103, 2011.
[25] I. V. Chilingarian, A. L. Malchoir and I. Y. Zolotukin. “Analytical approximations of K-corrections in optical and near-infrared bands”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 405, pp. 1409-1420, 2010.
[26] I. Chilingarian and I. Zoloyukin. “A universal ultraviolet-optical colour-colour-magnitude relation of galaxies”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 419, pp. 1727-1739, 2012.
[27] M. S. Longair. Galaxy Formation. Springer, Germany, 2008.
[28] P. Schneider. Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology: An Introduction, Springer, Germany, 2006.
[29] H. Karttunen, P. Kröger, H. Oja, M. Poutanen and K. J. Donner. Fundamental Astronomy. Springer, Germany, 2007.
[30] P. M. Lugger. Luminosity functions for nine Abell clusters”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 303, pp. 535-555, 1986.
[31] R. De Propris, M. Bremer and S. Phillips. “Luminosity functions of cluster galaxies. The near-ultraviolet luminosity function at < z > ~ 0.05”. Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 1807, p. 10775, 2018.
[32] M. R. Blanton, J. Brinkmann, I. Csabai, M. Doi, D. Eisenstein, M. Fukugita, J. E. Gunn, D. W. Hogg and D. J. Schlegel. “Estimating fixed-frame galaxy magnitudes in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey”. Astronomical Journal, vol. 125, pp. 2348-2360, 2003.
[33] P. Popesso, H. Böhringer, M. Romaniello and W. Voges. “RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. II. A unified picture of the cluster luminosity function”. Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 433, pp. 415- 429, 2005.
[2] E. Hubble. “The luminosity function of nebulae. I. The luminosity function of resolved nebulae as indicated by their bright stars”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 84, p. 158, 1936.
[3] E. Hubble. “The luminosity function of nebulae. II. The luminosity function as indicated by residuals in velocity-magnitude relations”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 84, p. 270, 1936.
[4] F. Zwicky. “On the large scale distribution of matter in the universe”. Physical Review, vol. 61, pp. 489-503, 1942.
[5] A. Oemler. “The systematic properties of clusters of galaxies. I. Photometry of 15 clusters”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 194, pp. 1-20, 1974.
[6] M. Colless. “The dynamics of rich clusters-II. Luminosity functions”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 237, pp. 799-826, 1989.
[7] E. J. Gaidos. “The galaxy luminosity function from observations of twenty Abell clusters”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 113, pp. 117-129, 1997.
[8] R. De Propis, M. Colless, S. P. Driver, W. Couch, J. A. Peacock, I. K. Baldry, C. M. Baugh, J. Bland-Hawthorn, T. Bridges, R. Cannon, S. Cole, C. Collins, N. Cross, G. B. Dalton, G. Efstathiou, R. S. Ellis, C. S. Frenk, K. Glazebrook, E. Hawkins, C. Jackson, O. Lahav, I. Lewis, S. Lumsden, S. Maddox, D. S. Madgwick, P. Norberg, W. Percival, B. Peterson, W. Sutherland and K. Taylor. “The 2dF galaxy redshift survey: The luminosity function of cluster galaxies”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 342, pp. 725, 2003.
[9] A. Dressler. “A comprehensive study of 12 very rich clusters of galaxies. I. Photometric technique and analysis of the luminosity function”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 223, pp. 765-787, 1978.
[10] O. Lόpez-Cruz, H. K. C. Yee, J. P. Brown, C. Jones and W. Forman. “Are luminous CD halos formed by the disruption of dwarf galaxies”? ApJ, vol. 475, p. L97, 1997.
[11] P. Popesso, A. Biviano, H. Böhringer and M. Romaniello. “RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. IV. A ubiquitous dwarf galaxy population in clusters”. Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 445, pp. 29- 42, 2006.
[12] R. De Propris, P. R. Eisenhardt, S. A. Stanford and M. Dickinson. “The infrared luminosity function of galaxies in the Coma cluster”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 503, p. L45, 1998.
[13] L. Cortese, G. Gavazzi, A. Boselli, J. Iglesias-Paramo, J. Donas and B. Milliard. “The UV luminosity function of nearby clusters of galaxies”. Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 410, p. L25, 2003.
[14] L. Bai, G. H. Rieke, M. J. Rieke, J. L. Hinz, D. M. Kelly and M. Blaylock. “Infrared luminosity function of the Coma cluster”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 639, pp. 827, 2006.
[15] C. A. Valotto, M. A. Nicotra, H. Muriel and D. G. Lambas. “The luminosity function of galaxies in clusters”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 479, p. 90, 1997.
[16] M. Yagi, N. Kashikawa, M. Sekiguchi, M. Doi, N. Yasuda, K. Shimasaku and S. Okamura. Luminosity functions of 10 nearby clusters of galaxies. II. Analysis of the luminosity function”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 123, p. 87, 2002.
[17] S. M. Hansen, T. A. McKay, R. H. Wechsler, J. Annis, E. S. Sheldon and A. Kimball. “Measurement of galaxy cluster sizes, radial profiles, and luminosity functions from SDSS photometric data”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 633, p. 122, 2005.
[18] B. Binggeli, A. Sandage and G. A. Tammann. “The luminosity function of galaxies”. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 26, pp. 509-560, 1988.
[19] A. Dressler. “Galaxy morphology in rich clusters: Implications for the formation and evolution of galaxies”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 236, pp. 351-356, 1980.
[20] G. O. Abell, H. G. Corwin and R. P. Olowin. “A catalog of rich clusters of galaxies”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 70, p. 1, 1989.
[21] C. P. Ahn, R. Alexandroff, C. A. Prieto, S. F. Anderson, T. Anderton, B. H. Andrews, É. Aubourg, S. Bailey, E. Balbinot, and R. Barnes. “The ninth data release of the sloan digital sky survey: First spectroscopic data from the SDSS-III baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 203, p. 21, 2012.
[22] I. Agulli, J. A. L. Aguerri, R. Sánchez-Janssen, C. Dalla Vecchia, A. Diaferio, R. Barrena, L. Dominguez Palmero and H. Yu. “Deep spectroscopy of nearby galaxy clusters I. Spectroscopic luminosity function of Abell 85”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 458, p. 1590-1603, 2016.
[23] J. Sohn, M. J. Geller, H. J. Zahid, D. G. Fabricant and A. Diaferio. “The velocity dispersion function of very massive galaxy clusters: Abell 2029 and Coma”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 229, p. 20, 2017.
[24] E. F. Schlafly and D. P. Finkbeiner. “Measuring reddening with Sloan Digital Sky Survey stellar spectra and recalibrating SFD”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 737, p. 103, 2011.
[25] I. V. Chilingarian, A. L. Malchoir and I. Y. Zolotukin. “Analytical approximations of K-corrections in optical and near-infrared bands”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 405, pp. 1409-1420, 2010.
[26] I. Chilingarian and I. Zoloyukin. “A universal ultraviolet-optical colour-colour-magnitude relation of galaxies”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 419, pp. 1727-1739, 2012.
[27] M. S. Longair. Galaxy Formation. Springer, Germany, 2008.
[28] P. Schneider. Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology: An Introduction, Springer, Germany, 2006.
[29] H. Karttunen, P. Kröger, H. Oja, M. Poutanen and K. J. Donner. Fundamental Astronomy. Springer, Germany, 2007.
[30] P. M. Lugger. Luminosity functions for nine Abell clusters”. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 303, pp. 535-555, 1986.
[31] R. De Propris, M. Bremer and S. Phillips. “Luminosity functions of cluster galaxies. The near-ultraviolet luminosity function at < z > ~ 0.05”. Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 1807, p. 10775, 2018.
[32] M. R. Blanton, J. Brinkmann, I. Csabai, M. Doi, D. Eisenstein, M. Fukugita, J. E. Gunn, D. W. Hogg and D. J. Schlegel. “Estimating fixed-frame galaxy magnitudes in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey”. Astronomical Journal, vol. 125, pp. 2348-2360, 2003.
[33] P. Popesso, H. Böhringer, M. Romaniello and W. Voges. “RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. II. A unified picture of the cluster luminosity function”. Astronomy Astrophysics, vol. 433, pp. 415- 429, 2005.
Downloads
Published
2021-07-03
How to Cite
Rasheed, M. A., & Mohammad, K. K. (2021). The Luminosity Function of Galaxies in Some Nearby Clusters. UHD Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v5n2y2021.pp1-10
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Mariwan Ahmed Rasheed, Khalid K. Mohammad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
